Device and method for loading a storage area

ABSTRACT

A loading device to supply successively with cardboard sheets a station for handling the sheets by folding to form from them boxes for packaging, the handling station having a storage area to receive the successive sheets, optionally grouped in bundles, the device itself having a manipulator that includes: a gripping tool to pick up the sheets; an actuator to move the tool between an inventory of sheets and the receiving storage area of the station; a detection unit for detecting the status of filling of the storage area; and a control unit that directs the action of the device and that receives detection information from the detection unit to do this, the control unit being independent of the control of the handling station and programmable to adapt the operation of the loading device to the type of sheets handled. A corresponding process is also described.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of the packaging of products by packing and has as its object, on the one hand, a device supplying sheets intended to form cardboard boxes, and, on the other hand, a process using this device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In this field, the products are handled industrially in a series of stations; then, once the products are finished, they are sent to be put into a cardboard box. These cardboard boxes are obtained from flat cardboard sheets that are erected within a box-forming means.

For example, WO2008047008, which has a solution for picking up sheets and then forming boxes, is known. This box-forming station has a storage area equipped with a conveyor, on which the successive sheets are placed, to be then picked up one after the other by a system of suction means. The sheets in the storage area are approximately vertical.

WO9852826 exhibits a unit for forming open boxes, where a turnstile picks up sheets from the storage area one after the other. The conveyor in the area of the mouth of the storage area exhibits an incline that has the effect of tilting the sheets forward and of facilitating their being picked up.

A box former is also described in FR2563494.

In the field of the invention, it is therefore necessary regularly to supply such a station with pre-cut, even pre-folded, flat sheets that are present on a pallet in the area of the station. This supplying is done generally manually, by an operator who must then be assigned to said station, at the risk that he might overload the storage area to allow himself to work simultaneously on other machines.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention thus aims to facilitate and automate the supplying of pre-cut sheets from a supplying storage area as a function of box forming, a storage area in which the sheets are stored behind one another approximately vertically, and with the most versatile solution possible, and thus compatible without a major redesign with the largest number of stations possible, but also able to handle a very large group of sheets, in terms of dimensions, in bundle configurations or not, even in a configuration of said bundle.

To do this, the invention proposes to supply the storage area using a loading device that is automated and autonomous relative to the station supplied, able itself to detect the status of the storage area that it must stock up, and optionally also able, considering its compactness, its power and its pick-up process, to handle a very wide range of sheets or bundles.

The invention thus has as its object a loading device to supply successively with cardboard sheets a station for handling said sheets by folding to form from them boxes for packaging, said handling station having a storage area to receive the successive sheets, optionally grouped in bundles, said device itself having a manipulator that comprises, on the one hand, a grasping tool to pick up said sheets, and, on the other hand, an actuator to move the tool between an inventory of sheets and the receiving storage area of the station.

This device is characterized in that

it comprises, on the one hand, a detection means for detecting the status of filling of the storage area, as well as, on the other hand, a control unit, that directs the action of the device and that receives the detection information from the detection means to do this, said control unit being independent of the control of the station and programmable to adapt the operation of the loading device to the type of sheets handled.

The invention also has as its object a method that is implemented by this device, namely a process for loading bundles of sheets into a storage area of a station for handling by folding said sheets to obtain boxes from them, comprising a step consisting essentially in transferring, into said storage area, sheets from an inventory, using a manipulator of a loading device.

This method is characterized in that

it comprises steps consisting essentially in detecting the load status of the storage area using a detection means of said loading device and in implementing the manipulator on the basis of this detection as well as of a predefined program governed by a control unit of the loading device that does not control the operation of the station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be better understood thanks to the description below, which is based on possible embodiments, explained in a way that is illustrative and in no way limiting, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a loading device, between an inventory and a storage area that it supplies;

FIG. 2 shows a detail view of a gripping tool;

FIG. 3 diagrams a sheet with pre-defined folding zones;

FIG. 4 shows a detail of the gripping tool intended to cut a possible binding around bundles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention first of all therefore has as its object a loading device 1 to supply successively with cardboard sheets 3 a station 4 for handling by folding said sheets 3 to form packing boxes from them, said handling station 4 having a storage area 5 to receive the successive sheets 3, optionally grouped in bundles 2, said device itself having a manipulator 6 comprising, on the one hand, a gripping tool 7 for picking up said sheets 3, and, on the other hand, an actuator 8 to move the tool 7 between an inventory 9 of sheets 3 and the receiving storage area 5 of the station 4.

The station 4 therefore ensures at least a function for forming boxes from essentially flat cardboard sheets 3 and has a storage area 5 where the waiting sheets 3 are stored. The station 4 is optionally not only such a box former, but can also ensure the function of packing itself, i.e., the transfer of products, received in an assembly line, into the formed boxes.

The sheets 3 are generally one-piece and define all or part of the future box, optionally with sturdy flaps. It is by unfolding and folding that the station 4 transforms the flat sheets 3 into a volume for subsequent accommodation for the products. The boxes obtained in a standard way have a bottom, normally intended to be horizontal, and then sides normally intended then to be vertical, perpendicular in pairs. The bottom, even its lid, opposite, can be obtained by flaps that extend from the sides. The various elements of the sheet 3 are generally attached to one another, by gluing, adhesive tape, staples, or the like, for better stability.

It is understood that as a function of the flow of products entering the handling station 4, the latter consumes a certain flow of sheets 3, and that it is then necessary regularly to stock the storage area 5 of the station 4. The storage area 5 is stocked from an inventory 9, generally in the vicinity of the station 4, at which the sheets 3 are stored in a large quantity, generally in the form of a pallet containing a large number of stacked sheets 3. The invention proposes performing the stocking of this storage area 5 by a loading device 1 that is autonomous and can be installed to stock a station 4 without structural modification of the latter.

The loading device 1 thus has a manipulator 6 comprising a gripping tool 7, and an actuator 8 that moves the tool 7. The actuator 8 is preferably of the multi-axis robot type, at the end of which the tool 7 is mounted.

It is therefore the tool 7 that moves the sheets 3 from the inventory 9 and brings them into the storage area 5. The tool 7 therefore picks up at least one sheet 3 each time. In preferred cases, the sheets 3 are organized into self-supported bundles 2 of stacked sheets 3, the sheets 3 that make them up being connected to one another by a binding 13. Then, it is optionally only necessary that the tool 7 pick up an end sheet 3 from this stack to bring along the entire bundle 2. In each operation, the loading device 1 therefore deposits into the storage area 5 one sheet 3, and, preferably, a bundle 2 of sheets 3. The station 4 itself uses the sheets 3 present in the storage area 5 one by one.

According to the invention, the loading device 1 comprises, on the one hand, a detection means 10 to detect the status of filling the storage area 5, as well as, on the other hand, a control unit 11 that directs the action of the device and that receives the detection information from the detection means 10 to do this, said control unit 11 being independent of the control of the station 4 and programmable to adapt the operation of the loading device 1 to the type of sheets 3 handled.

The loading device 1 therefore comprises a control unit 11 that directs the movement of the manipulator 6 and sets it in motion as a function of the needs of the station 4 to stock its storage area 5. To do this, this control unit 11 receives a signal that is transmitted by a detection means 10 and that represents the status of filling of the storage area 5. The loading device 1 is therefore autonomous and alone acquires data that is representative of the status of the storage area 5, if necessary to restock it by a suitable command from the manipulator 6. The control unit 11 governs the operation of the manipulator 6 in accordance with a pre-defined program, which determines, for example, the thresholds from which to begin or to stop stocking the storage area 5, the dimensions of sheets 3 or of bundles 2 to be handled, or even the exact place where the tool 7 must pick up the sheet 3 or the bundle 2, the force to be exerted, etc.

The control unit 11 is specific to the loading device 1 in the sense that the latter is not directed by the directing element of the station 4. It is therefore easy to incorporate such a loading device 1 into an existing station 4, and the compatibility conditions are limited. The control unit 11 also makes it possible to modify the program in accordance with which the manipulator 6 is used. It is thus possible for an operator to modify the operating parameters of the manipulator 6.

Such a loading device 1 is very versatile since it can be adapted to practically all existing stations 4 equipped with a storage area 5, but it is also able to handle a large group of sheets 3 or bundles 2, or at least to be easily configured or reconfigured autonomously to do this.

The control unit 11 can be a computer equipped with a programming interface, for example. Communication with the manipulator and/or the detection means 10 can be through wire or wireless.

The control unit 11 is therefore used to direct the movement of the manipulator 6 to pick up, as soon as necessary, a bundle 2 or a sheet 3, and to bring it into the storage area 5.

The programming of the paths between the inventory 9 and the storage area 5 can be done in a step during which an operator manually moves the gripping tool 7 between the inventory 9 and the storage area 5, the movement to which said tool 7 was subjected being detected fully or in a point manner, followed and recorded by the control unit 11 as a path to be reproduced subsequently during normal operation.

It will be understood that the number of inventories 9 from where the sheets 3 are pulled as well as the number of stations 4 supplied is arbitrary, since such a loading device 1 can supply one or more different stations 4, from one or more different inventories 9, which can optionally contain sheets 3 of different sizes, or bundles 2 of different sizes. The detection means 10 is then suited to the plurality of storage areas 5 to be supplied. Conventionally, the detection means 10 assumes the shape of an object detection cell positioned in the storage area 5 to be stocked and is able to detect the sheets 3.

According to a possible additional characteristic, the tool 7 is equipped with a sensor 16 to detect the sheets 3, so as to be able to use said tool 7 by scanning to detect the shape that the assembly of sheets 3 in the inventory 9 takes. The sheets 3 are actually stacked in the inventory 9, and it is consequently necessary to identify their exact position before seeking to move them with the manipulator 6. It is therefore proposed to equip the tool 7 directly with an object-detecting sensor 16 that is sensitive to the presence of sheets 3. The manipulator 6 can then be controlled so that the tool 7 scans the volume where the sheets 3 should be found in the inventory 9. It will be noted that the sensor 16, mounted on the tool 7, can itself form the detection means 10. The same means then forms both the sensor 16 mounted on the tool 7 and the detection means 10 to quantify the contents of the storage area 5.

The detecting zone of the sensor 16 is oriented toward the location where the sheets 3 should be found so as to detect the presence of the sheets 3 and thus to identify their position. The manipulator 6 itself is therefore used to characterize, thanks to the tool 7 that ensures the required scanning, the boundary occupied by the assembly of the sheets 3 in the inventory 9. This data is then sent to the control unit 11, which can in particular analyze these results and deduce from it, for example, the dimensions of the sheets 3 and/or the bundles 2. The control unit 11 initiates this detection program and therefore uses the result to send the tool 7 to look for the sheets 3 where they are found. This surveillance cycle can be used at the beginning of a series, when a pallet of sheets 3 has just been brought, or else during a series, to verify the good configuration of the sheets 3.

This contributes to the autonomy of the loading device 1 and to its versatility relative to the possible technical environments.

According to another possible characteristic of the invention, the tool 7 is equipped, on the one hand, with a gripper 12 to pick up a possible binding 13 that, while forming a closed loop, restrains the sheets 3 of the same bundle 2, and, on the other hand, with a cutting means 14 to cut such a binding 13, the loading device 1 optionally comprising, itself, a shredder 15 of binding 13, to cut the binding 13 into pieces.

As has already been mentioned, in certain configurations, the sheets 3 are bound in a bundle 2 by bindings 13, in the form of plastic bands. A single binding 13 is generally used to form a bundle 2. This binding 13 must obviously be removed so that the station 4 can form the boxes from the sheets 3 one by one. Here, it is proposed, in such cases, to load the bundles 2 themselves into the storage area 5 and therefore to cut the bindings 13 only after this transfer from the inventory 9 to the storage area 5. To maintain a loading device 1 that is simple and able to handle sheets 3 bound in bundles 2, it is therefore advantageous to equip the tool 7 directly with a cutting means 14 that will be able, once the bundle 2 is loaded into the storage area 5, to cut the binding 13 and to open it, to render the sheets 3 independent. The gripper 12 assumes the shape of a directed vise that should be closed once it surrounds the binding 13. The cutting means 14 itself has a movable slicing blade that cuts the binding 13 when it is taken into said vise.

The tool 7 therefore has a gripper 12 to pick up the binding 13, as well as a cutting means 14 that slices the binding when it is picked up by the gripper 12. With the binding 13 continuing to be grasped by the gripper 12, the tool 7 is moved to disengage the binding 13 from the sheets 3 and optionally to bring it into a zone where it will be handled and destroyed, for example by reducing it to little pieces.

According to another possible additional characteristic, the tool 7 is equipped with a set of pneumatic suction cups 19 to pick up, from above, a sheet 3, and even a bundle 2. In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 2, the tool 7 is thus equipped with suction cups located at the end of a housing 23 or structural shell surrounding the core of the elements of the tool 7 such as venturis, the gripper 12, the cutting means 14 and/or the sensor 16, and in which optionally the lines for the suction cups 19 run. The suction cups 19 are able to exert a considerable force on the sheet 3 against which they are applied. They are, in addition, close to one another so that the outside footing of the tool 7 is significantly small relative to the force that it can exert on the sheet 3 against which the suction cups 7 come. Such a tool is therefore particularly versatile since it is able to handle sheets 3 of small dimensions, namely barely larger than the footing of the compact assembly of suction cups 19 and therefore of the tool 7, up to heavy bundles 2 of multiple sheets 3 of much larger dimensions than said footing, thanks to the force of the suction cups 19.

The loading device 1 is thus particularly versatile.

According to another possible additional characteristic of the loading device 1, it is able to detect intrusions of the manipulator 6 into the work environment, and to alter as a consequence the operation of the latter, so as to avoid risks of collision with operators, said loading device 1 then being free of a cover that restricts access by the operators to the work environment of said robot. For example, the detection of the intrusions can be done with a set of sensors in the environment of the robot manipulator 6, which sends to the control unit 11 signals that are representative of a presence detected in the work zone of said manipulator 6, which is more or less nearby. As soon as a presence is detected, the operation of the manipulator 6 goes into downgraded mode as a function of the associated risk, which can go up to a complete shutdown. Alternatively, the manipulator 6 itself can be equipped with sensors that detect a presence, even an impact or an abnormal contact. This signal can be taken into account by the manipulator 6 itself or by the control unit 11.

The advantage of equipping the loading device 1 with such a safety function is to be able to eliminate the covers and other solutions that limit the access from the work zone of the manipulator 6 to the operators. Such a loading device 1 is then easy and not very expensive to install and put into place in the environment of an existing station 4, but its operation remains safe and the risks limited.

The invention also has as its object a process using the device as described above, namely a process for loading bundles 2 of sheets 3 into a storage area 5 of a station 4 for handling by the folding of said sheets 3 to obtain boxes from them, comprising a step consisting essentially in transferring, into said storage area 5, sheets 3 from an inventory 9, using a manipulator 6 of a loading device 1. As has already been said, the inventory 9 generally takes the shape of a pallet on which the sheets 3 are stacked, optionally packaged in bundles 2, in which case the sheets 3 are transferred by bundle 2. Of course, this process can be used to operate the loading device 1 so that it supplies several different stations 4, optionally with several storage areas 5 each, the sheets 3 coming optionally from several inventories 9, and therefore having optionally different sizes. The device can therefore be used as a supply means that distributes different sheets 3 in different forms, i.e., by the unit or by bundle 2, but also in different templates, from several different inventories 9 to several different storage areas 5, and it therefore acts as a distribution center for the sheets 3. Preferably, the manipulator 6, however, remains anchored to the ground and the at least one inventory 9 and the at least one storage area 5 are found in the action zone or work environment of said manipulator 6.

According to the invention, the process comprises steps consisting essentially in detecting the load status of the storage area 5 using a detection means 10 of said loading device 1, and in using the manipulator 6 on the basis of this detection as well as in using a pre-defined program governed by a control unit 11 of the loading device 1 that does not control the operation of the station 4, in particular a control unit 11 dedicated to the loading device 1, particularly a control unit 11 that makes it possible for a user to modify said program using a programming tool 17 such as a computer, for example.

The control unit 11 is therefore specific to the loading device 1 and the detection means 10, although mounted so as to detect the presence of sheets 3 in the storage area 5, and is connected to said unit to provide it with the data necessary for the operation of the manipulator 6 that transfers the sheets 3 to said storage area 5, so as to guarantee optimal filling.

According to a possible additional characteristic of the process, it further comprises a step consisting essentially in detecting the load status of the inventory 9 using the manipulator 6 itself, by movement of a sensor 16 taken onto a tool 7 that is mounted on an actuator 8 of the manipulator 6. This step is used at the beginning of the operating cycle, when an entirely or partially full pallet is brought to the inventory 9, even during the production to check the status of the inventory 9, or else to confirm the template of the sheets 3, in particular of the bundles 2 themselves. This signal representing the status of filling of the inventory 9 is therefore taken into account by the control unit 11 that governs the movement of the manipulator 6, to decide in particular on the exact location where the tool 7 must come to look for the sheets 3 or the bundles 2, but also, optionally, to carry out an alert procedure from the moment that a fault is detected in the inventory 9, of the type where the inventory 9 is empty or sheets 3 have fallen, etc.

According to another possible additional characteristic of the process, it further comprises a step consisting essentially in opening a bundle 2 of sheets 3, by cutting a slender binding 13 that holds the sheets 3 of said bundle 2 together, using a cutting means 14 taken onto the or a tool 7 mounted on the or an actuator 8 of the manipulator 6. The transfer of sheets 3 to the storage area 5 is then performed by bundle 2, which, of course, reduces the frequency of the transfers. However, it is not necessary that the operator intervene to cut the binding 13, and, since the cutting means 14 is mounted on the tool 7 and therefore incorporated in the loading device 1, it is not necessary to complete the installation with an additional device.

In possible embodiments where the products 3 appear in a bundle 2 in the inventory 9, several bundles 2 provided with bindings 13 are deposited successively in the storage area 5, the step for cutting bundle 2 not being used for the last bundle 2 deposited. Thus, at least the last bundle 2 deposited in the storage area 5 forms a pack of sheets 3 that are held together and that therefore do not run the risk of sliding and spreading out flat in the storage area 5 where they must normally be oriented nearly vertically. This pack is therefore relatively stable relative to the same number of sheets 3 that are not connected together, and then stabilizes the upstream sheets 3, which can then be freed from one another by the cutting of the bindings 13 of their respective bundles 2.

Preferably, it is at the time of the depositing in the storage area 5 of a new bundle 2 that the binding 13 of the preceding bundle 2 is cut, so that only the last bundle 2 in the storage area 5 is fastened by a binding 13.

Since the cutting means 14 is mounted on the tool 7 and the latter is present in the storage area 5 since it has just deposited the last bundle 2 there, it is relatively fast to move the tool 7 to the preceding bundle 2 to cut the binding 13 from it.

Finally, according to another advantageous characteristic, the loading device 1 comprises a manipulator 6, equipped with an actuator 8 as well as a gripping tool 7 at its end, the gripping tool 7 comprising a set of suction cups, the picking up of the bundle 2 being done by positioning the tool 7 approximately in the middle between the two large edges of the sheets 3, in the area of the short edge that is far from a zone of the folding of the sheet 3. The predefined program of the control unit 11 therefore positions the tool 7 at this location once the status of the inventory 9 and therefore the exact position of the stack of rectangular sheets 3, as well as the dimensions of the sheets 3, are determined. Actually, it has been found that by picking up the sheet 3 from above at this location, its deformation when it is in a bundle 2 formed by a binding 13 is thus minimized. This positioning of the tool 7 contributes to the versatility of the loading device 1 that can then lift sheets 3 or bundles 2 without excessive damage. This positioning is thus ideal for the different configurations of sheets 3 that are possible.

According to another possible additional characteristic, during the travel between the inventory 9 and the storage area 5, the bundle 2 is brought at least temporarily to bear on an outside support relative to which it is then moved, by rotation and/or translation. Actually, in the cases where the manipulator 6 picks up bundles 2 that are each bound by a binding 13, the picking up by the upper sheet 3 causes the latter to be deformed relative to the others that it carries along under it as a result of the binding 13. The program of the control unit 11 then preferably makes allowance for the dimensions of the sheets 3 and/or of the bundle 2 to adapt the path of the bundle 2 between the inventory 9 and the storage area 5 so as to minimize the deformation of the first sheet 3, and/or to minimize the deformation of the whole bundle 2. Rotations around a horizontal axis can thus be provided during the travel, or else the depositing of the bundle 2 in the storage area 5 followed by movements of rotation for repositioning the bundle 2. The bundle 2 can be brought to bear on a support surface, in the area of a section or of a side, and then be pivoted or moved in translation, which also makes it possible to stabilize the bundle 2 and thus to reposition the sheets 3 against one another, aligned.

In the embodiment illustrated in the accompanying figures, the loading device 1 comprises a manipulator 6 with, on the one hand, an actuator 8 of the robot type having articulated arms, and, mounted at the end of one of these arms, a gripping tool 7. The loading device 1 is mounted to act between, on the one hand, a zone where an inventory 9 of bundles 2 of sheets 3 is found, and, on the other hand, a storage area 5 of a station 4. The station 4 therefore ensures at least a function of forming boxes from sheets 3, and even also a function of packing, i.e., placing of the products within the box that is formed.

The sheets 3 are therefore initially packaged in bundles 2, placed on one another, and preferably bound together by a closed, flexible binding 13 that holds them together in a unit. This unit is more or less rigid, depending on the rigidity of the constituent sheets 3 and on the play between the binding 13 and the sheets 3 of the bundle 2. These bundles 2 can comprise several sheets 3, and even several scores of sheets, stacked and against one another. The bundles 2 are thus placed on a pallet, forming an input inventory 9. It is understood that a pallet can be loaded with several layers, each comprising several bundles 2 beside one another. The bundles 2 are then loaded by the loading device 1 into the storage area 5 of the station 4. A cardboard box is erected by the station 4 from each sheet 3 taken individually. The station 4 therefore successively uses the sheets 3 of the bundles 2 present in its storage area 5. The latter is generally provided with a conveyor belt that successively advances the bundles 2 or the sheets 3 to the pick-up area by the station 4. A subsequent step within the station 4 can be the packing, i.e., the filling, with products of the jar, bottle, or other type, of the boxes formed using the sheets 3.

The loading device 1 therefore has as its essential function to transfer the bundles 2 from the inventory 9 to the storage area 5, so as to ensure that the storage area 5 is always supplied so that the station 4 can operate without interruption.

The loading device 1 can, of course, be used to supply several different stations 4, optionally from the same inventory 9. The loading device 1 is then able to load several storage areas 5 and therefore several different stations 4, from one or more inventories 9.

The sheets 3 are deposited singly or by bundle 2 from the inventory 9, and the manipulator 6 is equipped with a gripping tool 7 that is compatible with the characteristics of weight and dimensions of the object to be transported: bundle 2, stack of sheets 3, sheet 3, etc. As will be described further on, a tool 7 with a suction cup base is preferred, the bundles 2 being picked up from above, in the area of their upper sheet 3, opposite the sheet 3 with which the bundle 2 is in contact with the bundle 2 under it. Generally, clamp tools 7 can also be used, the bundles 2 being picked up by their sides.

The loading device 1 also preferably comprises, on the one hand, a detection means 10, and, on the other hand, a control unit 11. The detection means 10 is used to follow the status of filling of the storage area 5 and to provide this information to the control unit 11 that ensures the directing of the loading device 1, in particular the movement of the manipulator 6. The control unit 11 of the loading device 1 is disconnected from the station 4, and, unlike a direction center that would be common both to the loading device 1 and to the at least one machine or station receiving the sheets 3, the control unit 11 does not make it possible to ensure also the directing of the station 4. The station 4 is thus equipped with its own command center, which governs the operation of it according to a processing logic as well as different sensors with which it is equipped. The command center of the station 4 therefore preferably does not ensure the operation of the loading device 1 and therefore is not connected to it. The control unit 11 of the loading device 1 is therefore able to direct the operation of the loading device 1, but not the operation of the station 4. Conversely, the command center of the station 4 does not direct the operation of the loading device 1.

The control unit 11 is therefore independent of the station 4, and the loading device 1 forms an autonomous module that can easily be added onto an existing station 4, without modifying the directing element of it, without reprogramming or the like. If necessary for the proper operation of the loading device 1 and of the station 4, information exchanges between the control unit 11 and the command center of the station 4 can be implemented. For example, a piece of information representing the number of sheets 3 required for a complete production cycle by the station 4 can be taken into account by the control unit 11 so as to avoid filling the storage area 5 beyond the quantity that will actually be used during this production cycle. Overloading the storage area 5 and potentially having to throw away sheets 3 present in the storage area 5 once the production cycle has ended are thus avoided. In contrast, it is also possible to anticipate the change in size and to transfer in sufficient time the number of sheets 3 still required for the production cycle, which makes it possible to free up the pallet earlier, even though the production cycle is still not finished.

The loading device 1 is preferably equipped with a detection means 10 to measure the status of the filling of at least one storage area 5 that it supplies. It can be, for example, a proximity detector oriented toward the area where the bundles 2 and sheets 3 are against one another and which eventually come to be positioned within the storage area 5. It can also be a sensor 16 mounted on the tool 7. Of course, it will be understood that if the loading device 1 must supply several stations 4, the measurement is performed in each storage area 5 and the detection means 10 is adapted and then comprises the necessary number of cells. The detection means 10 is connected to the control unit 11 that receives a signal that corresponds to the quantity of sheets 3 present in the at least one storage area 5 to be filled. The control unit 11 then uses this signal to put the manipulator 6 in action and to bring new bundles 2 of sheets 3 into the storage area 5, in accordance with a processing logic, of the type that initiates a transfer to the storage area 5 as soon as the quantity of sheets 3 is found between two predefined thresholds, etc. Optionally, the signal representing the quantity of sheets 3 in the storage area 5 could also come from a device of the station 4 itself, even from its own command unit.

The loading device 1 is therefore directed autonomously, and its program can preferably be modified by a user with the aid of a programming tool 17 of which said loading device 1 makes use. Such a modification of the operation can, for example, be done with a computer. As a result of this programming tool 17, the operation of the loading device 1 can be modified to take into account a new size of sheet 3, for example, even of bundle 2, or even of new dimensions and/or of a new layout of the inventory 9. Here again, it will be noted that this programming tool 17 is preferably autonomous relative to the station 4, which makes it possible for the loading device 1 to be controlled independently of the directing activities of the station 4.

The programming tool 17 thus makes it possible to choose from among a group of pre-defined programs, even also to define a new program thanks to an interface with which it is provided.

It will be noted that such a loading device 1 is therefore independent of the structure of the station 4, since it is able to obtain autonomously the information that it needs regarding the status of the storage area 5. Therefore, it does not require being connected to an external controller, and can therefore be easily added onto any existing station 4, without modifying it. The programming tool 17 adds to this versatility the possibility of modifying the operation of the manipulator 6 to take into account new sizes of bundles 2, in terms of dimensions of sheets 3, of numbers of sheets 3 in a bundle 2, the presence or not of inserts, etc.

The knowledge of the status of the inventory 9, both in terms of quantity and in terms of position of the bundles 2, can be accessed as long as the operation of the manipulator 6 is followed, step by step. Nevertheless, it remains necessary to be able to identify, at the start of a cycle for transfer to the storage area 5, the exact configuration of the inventory 9. This inventory 9 is actually generally a group of bundles 2 or sheets 3 on a pallet, brought by an operator. The position of the pallet as well as the position of the bundles 2 on the pallet can therefore vary. In addition, it is possible to bring production to a halt when the inventory 9 is not unloaded, to change size, for example. In this case, the pallet and its remaining contents are released, then reused later, during a new production cycle. Thus, generally, at the start of a new cycle, the bundles 2 in the inventory 9 can have an unknown configuration. It is therefore necessary to begin the cycle of provisioning the storage area 5 by identifying the geometric configuration of the inventory 9. To do this, it is proposed to use directly the manipulator 6 itself.

Thus, the manipulator 6 is equipped with a sensor 16 in the area of the tool 7, and, at the start of the cycle, a step for detecting the status of the inventory 9 is implemented, during which the tool 7, and therefore the sensor 16 that it carries, is moved to scan the space intended for the inventory 9 and thus to detect the volume occupied by the inventory 9, and therefore to determine where the bundles 2 to be picked up are found. The sensor 16 can be a proximity sensor, for example, with a laser beam, object-sensing type. It is preferably oriented in the opposite direction from the part for fastening the tool 7 to the actuator 8.

As a result of the scanning of the inventory 9 by the sensor 16, it is optionally possible also to quantify the dimensions of a single bundle 2. Alternatively, these values can be specified by a user, even simply chosen from among several possible dimensions. In these cases, the tool 7 therefore also ensures a function for detecting the inventory 9 to be handled. Here, it will be noted that the contour detected by the sensor 16 can then be compared to an anticipated configuration for the size, and a possible inconsistency, arising from, for example, a supply error, can be detected and identified.

Since the sheets 3 are intended to form boxes by folding, they generally exhibit linear folding areas 18, optionally provided for a facilitated folding, such as pre-folding lines. The bottom of the boxes to be formed is generally rectangular, and the folding area 18 extends linearly perpendicular to this bottom, along these sides that are then vertical if the bottom is horizontal. In folded configuration, the sheet 3 is formed by the sides of the future box, see FIG. 3, from which the blanks extend that will form the bottom. The linear folding area 18 thus extends between two sides of the box that are perpendicular to one another, and therefore between two edges of the sheet 3 that are parallel to it and that will form the segments of the box formed, optionally closer to one edge than the other for the box configurations having a non-square, rectangular bottom.

As has been already specified, the bundles 2 of sheets 3 can have a binding 13 that keeps these sheets 3 together. Seen according to FIG. 3, this binding 13 can be, relative to the folding area 18, and therefore to the segments that will form the edges that are perpendicular to the bottom of the box, either parallel and therefore from top to bottom in FIG. 3, or perpendicular, and therefore from left to right. Once the bundle 2 is deposited in the storage area 5, its longest part can thus be either vertical or horizontal.

As FIG. 2 shows, the tool 7 preferably exhibits a set of suction cups 19 that together form a surface from which the manipulator 6 picks up the bundles 2. During the maneuver consisting in taking a bundle 2 to lift it up, it is then preferable to apply the tool 7 in a pick-up area 20 that is located essentially between the folding area 18 and the parallel edge of the sheets 3 that is the farthest away, preferably at equal distance between the two perpendicular edges. By picking up the upper sheet 3 of the bundle 2 in this manner, the deformation of the first sheet 3 is limited under the effect of the weight of the bundle 2 during the transfer to the storage area 5, and generally, the deformation of the bundle 2 is limited. Such a deformation is generally followed by a degrading of the mechanical characteristics of the sheet 3, by the folding of the folding areas 18 in the opposite direction or else by crushing caused by the binding 13. Furthermore, the advantages of such a pick-up area 20 are found for sheets 3 of almost all dimensions. The picking up in the area of such a pick-up area 20 therefore contributes to the versatility of the loading device 1, since the same logic for governing the pick-up can be used each time.

Of course, it is preferable to move the sheets 3 from the inventory 9 to the storage area 5 when they are still held together by a binding 13, which then has to be cut so that the sheets 3 of the bundle 2 can be used one after the other.

To do this, the loading device 1 preferably has a cutting means 14, which makes it possible to cut such a binding 13 that encircles the sheets 3 of a bundle 2. The cutting means 14 is advantageously mounted on the tool 7 itself, so that the latter also ensures a function of cutting the binding 13, and then, as described further on, of releasing to a shredder 15.

The cutting means 14 comprises a gripper 12 that can hold the binding 13 once cut. As FIG. 4 shows, the cutting means 14 also has a sharp lip 21 to come between the binding 13 and the bundle 2, this lip 21 optionally forming a jaw of the gripper 12. The cutting means 14 also comprises a movable blade 22. For the operation for cutting the binding 13, the tool 7 is therefore moved so that the lip 21 is inserted by its end part between the binding 13 and the bundle 2, then the gripper 12 is actuated to pick up the binding 13. The movable blade 22 is then moved to slice the binding 13. The tool 7 can then be moved and the binding 13 brought with it, held in the gripper 12.

Advantageously, the loading device 1 also comprises a shredder 15 of binding 13, where the tool 7 releases the binding 13. Such a shredder 15 of binding 13, located in the area of movement of the manipulator 6, makes it possible to cut up the binding 13 into a plurality of smaller segments, which facilitates the storing of the bindings 13 cut in the course of a cycle.

Furthermore, advantageously, the cutting means 14 is mounted on a damper, optionally of the cylinder type, which prevents the movement of the manipulator 6 from damaging the bundle 2 by exerting an excessive pressure on it when it approaches and then inserts the lip 21 under the binding 13.

The steps preferably follow one another in the following way. If the signal of the detection means 10 received by the control unit 11 corresponds to a situation in which bundles 2 must be supplied, the tool 7 approaches the next bundle 2 in the inventory 9, picks it up, then moves it to the storage area 5 to deposit it there on the conveyor, optionally causing the advance of the sheets 3. However, it is preferable to keep the possible binding 13 around the bundle 2 that has just been deposited. The weight of the bundle 2 and the cohesiveness that the binding 13 brings to it make it possible for the bundle 2, as long as the binding 13 holds the sheets 3 together, to be used as a weight ensuring that the sheets 3 downstream in the handling process by the station 4 do not slip. Actually, the sheets 3 have a generally vertical orientation in the storage area that can easily lead to crashes if the sheets 3 can slip on the conveyor from which they normally extend nearly vertically. Once the binding 13 is removed, the sheets 3, arranged essentially vertically against one another, are free to slip under the effect of the force of gravity within the storage area 5, if they are not restrained.

By continuing to hold at least the last bundle 2 by the binding 13, it is then possible to envisage that the station 4 is free of equipment dedicated to forming an upstream stop for the stack of sheets 3 in the storage area 5. A bundle 2 whose sheets are still restrained by the binding 13 can thus be used at the end of the column of sheets 3 within the storage area 5 to prevent the downstream sheets from slipping and thus to guarantee their positioning. The loading device 1 therefore preferably does not cut the binding 13 of the bundle 2 that has just been deposited and that forms the end of the column of sheets 3 in the storage area 5. Advantageously, it is after having deposited a bundle 2, and the tool 7 therefore is found in the area of the storage area 5, that it is maneuvered to be brought to the preceding bundle 2 and to remove the binding 13 from it. In normal operation, therefore, there is always at least one self-supported and stable bundle 2 to hold back the downstream sheets 3. This makes it possible to simplify the storage area 5 and therefore the station 4. In a loading sequence, it can therefore be envisaged that the tool 7 takes a bundle 2, deposits it in the storage area 5 still bound by the binding 13, and then the preceding bundle 2 is freed from its binding 13 by cutting it and then taking it optionally to the shredder 15.

FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of the gripping tool 7. This tool 7 is intended to be mounted at the end of an actuator 8 of the multi-axis robot type and has, to carry the bundles 2 along, a group of suction cups 19. These suction cups preferably number six and are arranged in a compact way in a rectangle. By using a compact configuration of suction cups 19 that can ensure a high tractive force, a versatile tool 7 is obtained, on the one hand, because of reduced bulk, since the suction cups 19 are close to one another and the tool 7 can therefore engage on bundles 2 that are barely larger than the configuration that forms the group of suction cups 19, and, on the other hand, because they are able to create the force necessary to lift up a bundle 2 with numerous sheets 3 of large dimensions. The compact arrangement of powerful suction cups 19 therefore contributes to the versatility of the tool 7.

These suction cups 19 are vacuum-supplied by a system of venturis, each suction cup 19 having its own venturi.

The tool 7 has a mechanical frame 23 that is used to carry the components of the tool 7. This frame 23 carries the interface for mounting onto the actuator 8 and preferably takes the shape of a structure having arches 24, extending for each from the mounting interface to a suction cup 19. The arches 24 extend, in part, perpendicular to the plane in which the suction cups 19 are found, and then, in another part, approximately parallel to this plane up to the mounting interface. Since the suction cups 19 are positioned by being located respectively at the angular points of a rectangle as well as in the middle of its longest edges, the arches 24 extend in two parallel aligned groups of three. A rectangular-shaped brace 25 successively adjoins the ends of the arches 24 where the suction cups 19 are found. The arches 24 therefore form the contours of a tool volume 7.

The footing of the tool 7, seen on the sheet 3 when it picks it up, preferably corresponds essentially to that of the frame 23. This means that the bulk of the elements of the tool 7 are found in the interior space of the frame 23. Of course, certain elements of the tool 7 must go beyond the frame 23, at least briefly, such as the gripper 12 that must interact with the bindings 13, or the lip 21 that must be inserted between a binding 13 and a bundle 2. The fact that the frame 23 accommodates in its interior space the bulk of the operational elements of the tool 7 also has the result of protecting said elements: venturi and associated pneumatic components, filters, etc., sensor 16, base of the cutting means 14, damper for said cutting means 14, and the like.

Finally, for the purpose of being able easily to add a loading device 1 to an already existing station 4, it is also possible that the manipulator 6 be sensitive to the elements of its environment and thus able to detect a presence so as to anticipate impacts in its work zone. Access to the work zone of the manipulator 6 is then possible without risk to an operator, and the loading device 1 can be free of safety covering that impedes access. Different solutions can be used such as an altered operation if the loading device 1 detects a presence in the vicinity of the work area, indeed a complete stop as soon as the presence is detected in the work area, or else a quick stop in case an unforeseen impact, etc., is detected. This prevention of risks is also possible using a set of detectors that identify an intrusion into the work zone of the manipulator 6 and that send this signal to the control unit 11, which can then cause said manipulator 6 to go into a downgraded operating mode in which the risks for an operator are zero. Such a loading device 1 free of protective covering is particularly simple to add onto an already existing station 4, and is safe and inexpensive.

Thanks to the invention, it is thus possible to propose an autonomous solution for loading a storage area 5 of a box-forming station 4 that is easy to add onto any type of station 4, without needing a major redesign, and that is particularly versatile. A loading device 1 according to the invention is easy to adapt to different sizes of bundles 2 or of sheets 3, as well as to different types of station 4, which is actually a standard module.

Although the above description is based on particular embodiments, it in no way limits the scope of the invention, and modifications can be made, particularly by substitution of technical equivalents or by a different combination of all or part of the characteristics developed above. 

1. Loading device (1) to supply successively with cardboard sheets (3) a station (4) for handling said sheets (3) by folding to form from them boxes for packaging, said handling station (4) having a storage area (5) to receive the successive sheets (3), optionally grouped in bundles (2), said device itself having a manipulator (6) that comprises a gripping tool (7) to pick up said sheets (3), and an actuator (8) to move the tool (7) between an inventory (9) of sheets (3) and the receiving storage area (5) of the station (4), wherein the device comprises: a detection means (10) for detecting the status of filling of the storage area (5), a control unit (11) that directs the action of the device and that receives detection information from the detection means (10) to do this, said control unit (11) being independent of the control of the station (4) and programmable to adapt the operation of the loading device (1) to the type of sheets (3) handled.
 2. Loading device (1) according to claim 1, where the tool (7) is equipped with a sensor (16) to detect the sheets (3), so as to be able to use said tool (7) by scanning to detect the shape that the assembly of sheets (3) in the inventory (9) takes.
 3. Loading device (1) according to claim 1, where the tool (7) is equipped with a gripper (12) to pick up a possible binding (13) that is holding together, while forming a closed loop, the sheets (3) of the same bundle (2), and with a cutting means (14) to cut such a binding (13).
 4. Loading device (1) according to claim 1, where the tool (7) is equipped with a set of pneumatic suction cups (19) to pick up, from above, a sheet (3), even a bundle (2).
 5. Loading device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the device is able to detect intrusions into the work environment of the manipulator (6) and consequently to alter the operation of the latter.
 6. Process for loading bundles (2) of sheets (3) in a storage area (5) of a station (4) for handling by the folding of said sheets (3) to obtain boxes from them, comprising a step consisting essentially in transferring, into said storage area (5), sheets (3) from an inventory (9), using a manipulator (6) of a loading device (1), wherein the process comprises steps consisting essentially in detecting the load status of the storage area (5), using a detection means (10) of said loading device (1), and in using the manipulator (6) on the basis of this detection as well as in using a predefined program governed by a control unit (11) of the loading device (1) that does not control the operation of the station (4).
 7. Loading process according to claim 6, further comprising a step consisting essentially in detecting the load status of the inventory (9) using the manipulator (6) itself, by movement of a sensor (16) taken onto a tool (7) that is mounted on an actuator (8) of the manipulator (6).
 8. Loading process according to claim 6, further comprising a step consisting essentially in opening a bundle (2) of sheets (3), by cutting a slender binding (13) that holds the sheets (3) of said bundle (2) together, using a cutting means (14) taken onto the or a tool (7) mounted on the or an actuator (8) of the manipulator (6).
 9. Loading process according to claim 8, where several bundles (2) equipped with bindings (13) are deposited successively in the storage area (5), the step for cutting the bundle (2) not being used for the last bundle (2) deposited.
 10. Loading process according to claim 6, where the loading device (1) comprises a manipulator (6), equipped with an actuator (8) as well as a gripping tool (7) at its end, the gripping tool (7) comprising a set of suction cups, the picking up of the bundle (2) being done by positioning the tool (7) approximately in the middle between the two large edges of the sheets (3), in the area of the short edge that is far from a zone of the folding of the sheet (3).
 11. Loading process according to claim 6, where during the travel between the inventory (9) and the storage area (5), the bundle (2) is brought at least temporarily to bear on an outside support relative to which it is then moved, by rotation and/or translation.
 12. Loading device (1) according to claim 2, where the tool (7) is equipped with a gripper (12) to pick up a possible binding (13) that is holding together, while forming a closed loop, the sheets (3) of the same bundle (2), and with a cutting means (14) to cut such a binding (13).
 13. Loading device (1) according to claim 2, where the tool (7) is equipped with a set of pneumatic suction cups (19) to pick up, from above, a sheet (3), even a bundle (2).
 14. Loading device (1) according to claim 3, where the tool (7) is equipped with a set of pneumatic suction cups (19) to pick up, from above, a sheet (3), even a bundle (2).
 15. Loading device (1) according to claim 2, wherein the device is able to detect intrusions into the work environment of the manipulator (6) and consequently to alter the operation of the latter.
 16. Loading device (1) according to claim 3, wherein the device is able to detect intrusions into the work environment of the manipulator (6) and consequently to alter the operation of the latter.
 17. Loading device (1) according to claim 4, wherein the device is able to detect intrusions into the work environment of the manipulator (6) and consequently to alter the operation of the latter.
 18. Loading process according to claim 7, further comprising a step consisting essentially in opening a bundle (2) of sheets (3), by cutting a slender binding (13) that holds the sheets (3) of said bundle (2) together, using a cutting means (14) taken onto the or a tool (7) mounted on the or an actuator (8) of the manipulator (6).
 19. Loading process according to claim 7, where the loading device (1) comprises a manipulator (6), equipped with an actuator (8) as well as a gripping tool (7) at its end, the gripping tool (7) comprising a set of suction cups, the picking up of the bundle (2) being done by positioning the tool (7) approximately in the middle between the two large edges of the sheets (3), in the area of the short edge that is far from a zone of the folding of the sheet (3).
 20. Loading process according to claim 7, where during the travel between the inventory (9) and the storage area (5), the bundle (2) is brought at least temporarily to bear on an outside support relative to which it is then moved, by rotation and/or translation. 